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Title: Exploring music therapists' engagement in personal musicking
Year Issued: 2024

Abstract: This study explores music therapists’ experiences of personal musicking. The research question is: What role does personal musicking play in the music therapist’s life? Data was collected using individual, semi-structured interviews with five music therapists in the ...
Show moreThis study explores music therapists’ experiences of personal musicking. The research question is: What role does personal musicking play in the music therapist’s life? Data was collected using individual, semi-structured interviews with five music therapists in the United States. Interviews were transcribed and coded for themes using reflexive thematic analysis. Seven themes emerged from the participant transcripts, which were (1) facets of positive musical relationship; (2) personal and professional connections; (3) ways of musicking; (4) music aspirations; (5) hindrances to musical relationship; (6) emotions; and (7) barriers to musicking. Within each theme, three to six subthemes were also identified, totaling 30 subthemes. Participants described a variety of music experiences which contribute to a positive musical relationship though many internal and external factors inhibited their actual ability to engage in musicking as much as they would like or desire. Participants compared their experiences of musicking in clinical spaces with that of their personal musicking, and the boundaries drawn between clinical and personal music were unique to each participant. Implications for the music therapy profession include: considerations of thinking styles and values around different types of musicking; a call for curricula adaptation in music therapy training to encourage musical identity formation via many ways of musicking; and encouragement for practicing clinicians to continue exploring their sense of musicianship to maintain ethical practice and recognize the ways that musicking influences their own health and wellness.
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Author: McLean, Sarah

Title: Befriending the piano
Abstract: This mixed methods dual case study explores the impact of creative free play sessions on college music students' experiences of piano performance anxiety within a music therapy context. Participants included Johanna and Wade, undergraduate students enrolled in a clas...
Show moreThis mixed methods dual case study explores the impact of creative free play sessions on college music students' experiences of piano performance anxiety within a music therapy context. Participants included Johanna and Wade, undergraduate students enrolled in a class piano course for non-piano majors. Johanna, a white 20-year-old cis female, and Wade, a white 35-year-old cis male, participated in 8-10 music therapy sessions that involved discussion and creative free play on piano focusing on alleviating performance anxiety and fostering creative expression. Findings indicate that both participants experienced varying degrees of anxiety reduction and increased comfort with piano performance over the semester. Johanna’s narrative highlighted her journey of overcoming internal fears and building self-confidence while Wade’s narrative demonstrated his experience of finding a meaningful connection to the piano and utilizing the piano as a tool to help manage external stressors. Both participants reported the therapeutic relationship and dedicated time to engage creatively with the piano as the most beneficial in reducing anxiety and increasing productivity. Pre and post test questionnaires indicate the most improvement in the areas of proximal somatic anxiety, worry about performance, and negative cognitions related to performance anxiety and well as self-reported decreases in overall levels of general and piano performance anxiety. Implications for future research suggest incorporating creative arts therapies in college counseling centers to address performance anxiety for students across performing arts modalities. Future research should expand to include larger studies and participants from diverse performance disciplines to validate findings and broaden applicability in higher education settings.
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Year Issued: 2024

Author: Sandham, Randy
Sub-title: A dual case study of the impact of music therapy and piano-based free play on college students' piano performance anxiety

Title: Exploring music therapists’ attitudes towards disability and sexuality
Year Issued: 2024

Abstract: Music therapy has historically not addressed sex as a topic within clinical practice despite its clinical relevance to the human experience. As a field that works with an abundance of disabled clients who are often harmed by social and systemic infantilization which ...
Show moreMusic therapy has historically not addressed sex as a topic within clinical practice despite its clinical relevance to the human experience. As a field that works with an abundance of disabled clients who are often harmed by social and systemic infantilization which prevents them from access to sexual knowledge, it could be argued that music therapists should be trained to provide basic levels of support to this community in particular given the high level of need. Nevertheless, there are many questions and conflicting ideas around music therapy scope of practice as it pertains to these topics, barriers to education and clinical implementation and viable solutions to this gap in knowledge as a profession. While the music therapy literature has seen an increase in disability justice research in recent years, it offers little to nothing on the topic of engaging in clinically relevant discussion of sex, and most certainly not within the context of disability. This study aimed to examine music therapists’ educational and clinical experiences on engaging in sexual topics with disabled clients, as well as measuring personal feelings of comfort in engaging in these conversations. It was conducted via an anonymous survey intended to collect quantitative and qualitative data from a wide array of music therapists. Data was collected and analyzed according to an objectivist framework and qualitative data in particular was analyzed for common themes. Results indicate a lack of training and education in the facilitation of such topics, and the majority of participants reported complex feelings on the various intersecting layers of these conversations. While many reported feeling discomfort in relation to this topic, so too did many indicate a desire to reflect more critically and intentionally on the subject. It is hoped that this study’s data will serve as an impetus for our field to shift cultural and education practices to better prepare therapists for these conversations on these topics.
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Author: Miller, Francesca

Title: In a Big Voice
Abstract: In this autoethnography, I utilized a handful of different techniques to recall, examine, and share my experiences while entering, being in, and leaving the field of music therapy. Those included: chronological listing, narrative journaling, songwriting, lyric analys...
Show moreIn this autoethnography, I utilized a handful of different techniques to recall, examine, and share my experiences while entering, being in, and leaving the field of music therapy. Those included: chronological listing, narrative journaling, songwriting, lyric analysis, and external collaborators. Examining the autoethnography revealed specific themes about my experience with music therapy, including the role of my identity and privilege, systemic pressures, resistance to systemic pressures, non-profit specific ethics, and community support. Sharing these specific experiences and themes aims to add to a growing literature of music therapy burnout, including why music therapists leave the field, what specific experiences feel like, and where music therapists go after leaving the field.
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Year Issued: 2024

Author: Cumine, Colby
Sub-title: An autoethnography on entering, being in, and leaving the field of music therapy

Title: Music therapists and feelings of clinical inadequacy
Abstract: Abstract In this narrative analysis, semi-structured interviews occurred with six music therapists to examine their experiences of feelings of clinical inadequacy in music therapy. Five themes with twenty-one subthemes emerged in the data: professional development (i...
Show moreAbstract In this narrative analysis, semi-structured interviews occurred with six music therapists to examine their experiences of feelings of clinical inadequacy in music therapy. Five themes with twenty-one subthemes emerged in the data: professional development (insufficient knowledge, lack of training, lack of experience in field/setting, lack of professional support), workspace issues (lack of knowledge of music therapy by others, feeling like an outsider, unrealistic expectations, unfair comparisons, pressure from unrealistic parental expectations), intrapersonal issues (historical wounds, personal vulnerabilities, personal traits), felt experiences (emotional, psychological, visceral, social, physiological, physical), and coping strategies (honest internal observation, professional vulnerability/humility, and compassion). The findings of this study hold implications for education, supervision, and further music therapy research.
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Year Issued: 2022

Author: Dalessandro, Susan
Sub-title: A narrative analysis

Title: The music therapist's experience of conflicting approaches in the workplace
Year Issued: 2023

Abstract: This thesis aimed to explore the lived experiences of music therapists who practice from a different approach than the behavioral setting in which they work. I was interested in whether other music therapists experienced a dissonance that stemmed from conflicting app...
Show moreThis thesis aimed to explore the lived experiences of music therapists who practice from a different approach than the behavioral setting in which they work. I was interested in whether other music therapists experienced a dissonance that stemmed from conflicting approaches in their workplace, as I experienced this dissonance as a new music therapist. After completing an initial interest and demographic survey, nine participants were selected to participate in interviews, where they were asked predetermined questions about their approach to treatment, their facility's approach to treatment, and how they experienced and navigated this conflict. After coding, themes were organized using ATLAS.ti. Five themes emerged: 1) relationships, 2) power dynamics, 3) perceptions, 4) feelings, and 5) bridging approaches. Interpretations of the findings were provided, as well as recommendations for future research and implications for music therapy practice.
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Author: Goodenough, Haylee

Title: Music therapists' experiences working in a setting that values censorship
Abstract: This qualitative study examined the experiences of music therapists that work in an environment that promotes censorship practices. There are several studies that discuss censorship practices across helping professions but few studies within music therapy literature....
Show moreThis qualitative study examined the experiences of music therapists that work in an environment that promotes censorship practices. There are several studies that discuss censorship practices across helping professions but few studies within music therapy literature. Music therapy code of ethics and education stress the importance of self-reflection and recognizing biases for the therapist, however there is minimal information on biases when applying censorship practices. As a helping profession nonmaleficence is emphasized, however there is a paucity of research that includes the relationship between harm and censorship. Additionally, music therapy research and education identifies the need for culturally responsive practices, however have not included censorship and its effects on the therapist and participants in this movement. In this study seven participants engaged in one semi-structured interview to describe their experiences and relationships with self, clients, coworkers and larger institutions when experiencing censorship practices. Results demonstrate three overarching themes of values and beliefs, responses and navigating power in relationships. Each theme had at least three levels which described the experience of the client, therapist, co-workers and institution. These narratives and results suggest the need for continued research and discussion in the music therapy community on harm that may occur through censoring songs and experiences and ethical implications.
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Year Issued: 2023

Author: Boyce, Emily
Sub-title: an interpretative phenomenological analysis

Title: Music therapists' perceptions of the effects of tele-music therapy on client access
Year Issued: 2021

Abstract: This qualitative focus group study explored how music therapists are understanding and responding to changes in client access since the move toward tele-music therapy spurred by the recent COVID-19 virus outbreak. Coming from a recognition of histories of health acce...
Show moreThis qualitative focus group study explored how music therapists are understanding and responding to changes in client access since the move toward tele-music therapy spurred by the recent COVID-19 virus outbreak. Coming from a recognition of histories of health access disparity for underserved populations, this study also sought music therapists’ perspectives on how specific cultural groups and identities may have been unequally affected in terms of access to tele-music therapy. In this study, a synchronous online focus group discussion was facilitated with six music therapists to explore their perspectives regarding the benefits and challenges of tele-music therapy, particularly in terms of client access, and to explore ways these therapists found to respond to any challenges or disparities in access they encountered. Results suggest that music therapists are finding a complex set of both benefits and challenges in terms of their clients accessing tele-music therapy. Four themes with 18 sub-themes were found: challenges/barriers to access (technology challenges, inequities in access, facility- or population-related barriers, safety concerns, challenges of in-home sessions, and hard choices), bridging the barriers (benefits to specific populations, in-home session benefits, bridging distance, and finding solutions), making music in tele-music therapy (music-making challenges, singing, musical instruments and technology, and musical solutions), and the future role of tele-music therapy (hopes and concerns, preparing for the future, and possibilities.) These findings offer recommendations for the continued use of tele-music therapy even beyond the current pandemic. Keywords: telehealth access, barriers to access, underserved populations, COVID-19
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Author: Landes, David

Title: Neurologic music therapists' perspectives on neurologic music therapy
Abstract: Limited literature exists providing a critical analysis of Neurologic Music Therapy (NMT) as a model of music therapy. This qualitative research study, therefore, sought to explore the strengths and weaknesses of NMT, particularly in its approach to disability, throu...
Show moreLimited literature exists providing a critical analysis of Neurologic Music Therapy (NMT) as a model of music therapy. This qualitative research study, therefore, sought to explore the strengths and weaknesses of NMT, particularly in its approach to disability, through the perspectives of practicing Neurologic Music Therapists. Participants were recruited from the Directory of Current NMT Affiliates, from relevant social media groups, and by referral. Five board-certified music therapists who currently practice NMT or have practiced NMT within the last five years were participants in this research. Data was collected through interviews between the researcher and each participant, in which six discussion prompts were asked. These interviews were recorded and transcribed, after which the researcher utilized inductive coding techniques to uncover prominent themes in the interviews. Six themes emerged in the data. Three themes reflected Neurologic Music Therapists’ perceived areas of strength for NMT as a model: 1) Supported by Empirical Evidence; 2) Client and Caregiver Agency; and 3) Helpful in Addressing Specific Goals. Three themes reflected perceived areas for potential improvement for NMT as a model: 1) Issues with the Academy of Neurologic Music Therapy and the NMT Training; 2) Ableism in Practice; and 3) Narrow Goal Areas. This study adds information to gaps in the literature and could act as a starting point for further studies exploring the strengths and limitations of NMT. Due to limited representation in the participant group, this researcher would recommend repeating this study with a larger group of participants representing a wider range of identities.
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Year Issued: 2024

Author: Watson, Amanda
Sub-title: areas of strength and areas for potential growth

Title: Perspectives of Music Therapists Working with Sibling Pairs with at Least One who is Neurodivergent
Year Issued: 2024

Abstract: This thesis explored music therapists’ perceptions of the benefits and challenges of working within a sibling structure, with at least one sibling identifying as neurodivergent. This research adds to the literature by contributing the perspectives of music therapists...
Show moreThis thesis explored music therapists’ perceptions of the benefits and challenges of working within a sibling structure, with at least one sibling identifying as neurodivergent. This research adds to the literature by contributing the perspectives of music therapists that work within this framework. Data was analyzed from two participants who completed a semi-structured interview focused on their experiences engaging in this work. Five primary themes emerged in the data: 1) training, 2) goal work, 3) session space, 4) therapist role, and 5) family. Overall, both participants shared similar experiences with their clients. The findings showed that music therapy is beneficial when working with siblings. However, due to the lack of research and minimal research participants, more research needs to be conducted in order to fully support these findings.
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Author: Auty, Rebecca

Title: Recognizing and navigating dynamics of power in the therapeutic relationship
Abstract: This critical thematic analysis study aims to explore how music therapists identify and navigate the complex dynamics of power in therapeutic relationships. Current literature illustrates how various theoretical lens’ view and address power structures in therapy, poi...
Show moreThis critical thematic analysis study aims to explore how music therapists identify and navigate the complex dynamics of power in therapeutic relationships. Current literature illustrates how various theoretical lens’ view and address power structures in therapy, pointing to a multifaceted understanding of power in therapy. Participants (n=6) were selected purposively to represent music therapists who had access to varying degrees of power in the therapeutic context as a result of their identity markers. They each completed a 45-60 minute interview that included questions related to sociocultural identity, understanding of power, dynamics of power in music therapy, how they navigate power dynamics, and reflexive practice. The interviews were coded and analyzed, then grouped into themes. Six themes and 36 sub themes emerged in the data: dynamics of power (inherent, multifaceted, intersectional and contextual, reciprocal, relational, omnipresent, systemic, privilege, access), associations with power (negative, neutral, positive), therapist responsibilities (safety of client, supervision and accountability, reflexivity, acuity, humility, curiosity, supportive, music as container, honesty), external expectations (therapist as expert, parent and guardian expectations, pressure to comply, loss of power, idealization of therapist), missed opportunities (advocacy, connection, humanizing therapist), and strategies of navigating power (challenging ideology, contesting hegemony, unmasking power, overcoming alienation, learning liberation, reclaiming epistemic agency, practicing democracy). From the findings, it is evident that music therapists may hold largely negative perceptions of power and could benefit from a more nuanced understanding as they address power imbalances in therapeutic contexts.
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Year Issued: 2024

Author: O'Sullivan, Emily
Sub-title: Music therapists’ perspectives