5" X 7" black and white photograph of the Edinboro State Teacher's College football team. The photograph was found in a 1931 yearbook. Everyone in the photograph is identified, row by row, on the back. Also written on back is "Football 1930."
The widespread and continuing implementation of primary nursing in acute care hospitals reflects a momentum for change in response to nurses' dissatisfaction with lack of patient contact and fragmented patient care. The nursing literature throughout the last decade contains numerous articles discussing primary nursing. A review and critique of this literature in 1980 found that most of what was published on primary nursing, a delivery system or organizational mode for inpatient units, focused on implementation, patient satisfaction, nurse satisfaction, quality of care, and cost effectiveness. Most articles implied that primary nursing is superior to other modes or delivery systems, however, the authors pointed out that no systematic, controlled research into the differences between team and primary nursing has been conducted. Definitions of primary nursing are not uniform throughout the literature, but almost all reports and articles on the subject stress that the basic requirements are autonomy, authority, and accountability in the primary nurse*s role. The more recent books and articles on primary nursing have related implementation strategies and processes to a variety of other health care issues,
especially professionalization of nursing and need for leadership development in this field., Copyrights are retained by the author. Please contact Elizabeth Beidler for further use of this material.
